Umayyad monuments in Damascus

(1) Called by that relatively to Umayya Ibn Abd Shams bin Abdul Manaf ibn Qusai bin Kelab. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: الأمويون‎‎, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or بنو أمية, Banū ʾUmayya, "Sons of Umayya"). See successor’s lineage scheme for Umayyad p. 61. In the picture above the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus.

(2) The Umayyad regime began after the end of the Righteous caliphate and the death of Ali bin Abi Talib may Allah be pleased with him on the 17th of Ramadan,40 AH. The date of the commencement of the Umayyad dynasty started exactly from the concession of Al-Hassan bin Ali may Allah be pleased with them to Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, Allah bless them in (ALMaskan) . His abdication of the Caliphate took place in the year 41A.H in the month of Rabii' u'l Awwal, and some said in Rabii' u'l A'khir (August 661), And lasted until the Battle of Zab

Between the armies of the Abbasid and Umayyad where Marwan bin Mohammed last Umayyad caliphs was defeated in the 11th of Jumada li'l Awwal.132.A.H which means that the Umayyad caliphs lasted for more than ninety years.

The Umayyad State had 2 alternated families, and their caliphs’ were twelve.

The "Sufyanids State " (descendants of Abu Sufyan) they reigned for twenty Four years from ( 41-64 a.h ) (661 to 684 ), ruled by two caliphs’ Muawiyah Bin Abi Sufian ; and his son Yazid , knowing that we don’t consider Muawiya II calipha as long as the nation has not gathered for him as Bay'ah was made to Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr, may Allah pleased be with them . Muawiya's II reign would have lasted for about 20 days to 4 months, but likely no more than 2 months and he abdicate the Caliphate after that.

Marwanids Family: They reigned for sixty seven years from (64-132 A.H) ruled by ten caliphs’. (The Islamic History 4/61 - 62).

The two communities are more beloved to Allah .it showed that he was not commanded for fighting, even if Muawiya was Infidel, and the inauguration and handing what Allah and his prophet ordered us to do to infidel was not allowed. But the hadith indicated that Muawiya and his companions were believers, as al-Hassan and his companions. While what al- Hassan did was commendable by Allah and his prophet , .

Islamic Scholars agreed that Muawiya was the best and the first king of the Islamic nation, as we consider the previous Caliphs as the Successors of prophecy while he is the first king (mulk) . Also they agreed that his reign was described with authority and mercy as shown in the hadith . Then (thumma) there will be the Khilafah upon the way of the Prophethood (‘ala minhaj al-nabuwwah) and it will continue as long as Allah wills it to continue and then he will remove it when He intends to remove it. Then there will be a harsh rule (mulkan ‘addan) and it will continue as long as Allah wills it to continue and then he will remove it when He intends to remove it. And then there will be a coercive rule (mulkan jabriyyatan) and it will continue as long as Allah wills it to continue and then he will remove it when He intends to remove it. Then there will be the Khilafah upon the way of the Prophethood (‘ala minhaj al-nabuwwah). Muawiya reign was a model of compassion, insight, benefits for Muslims and better than other who ruled after him.

before Muawiya ,there was the successors of the prophecy, as it has been bare witnessed that The Prophet, (SAAW) said : (( The Prophecy succession will last for thirty years, and then it will become a kingdom ) which indicate that Abu Bakr , Umar, Uthman, and Ali, may Allah bless them all were the rightly guided caliphs and the sensible imams ,those who our prophet Muhammad said about them : ‘I advise you to fear Allaah and to hear and obey even if an Abyssinian slave were to rule over you. For surely, he who lives from amongst you will see much differing, so it is upon you to be upon my Sunnah and the Sunnah of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. Bite on to it with your back molar teeth and beware of newly invented matters, for verily, every newly invented matter is an innovation, and all innovation is misguidance.’” (Fatawa 4 / 466-480).