Umar ibn Al-Khattāb (1)

13-23 H (2)

بالعدلِ والدينِ القويمِ اشْتَهَرا
فَنِعْمَ هذا البَطَلُ الطَّمُوحُ 
أَخْنَى عَلَيْهِ حَادِثُ المَنُونِ 
عَشْرُ سِنِينَ و شُهُورٍ ستـةِ (5)
مَعَ ثَلاثٍ مِنْ حَيَاةٍ قَيِّمَهْ (6)​

و بُويِعَ الفاروقُ أَعني عُمَرَا

وكَثُرَتْ في عَهْدِهِ الفُتُوحُ (3) 
ومِـنْ أَبي لُؤْلُؤَةَ الملعـونِ (4) 
مِنْ بعد ما زَانَتْ بِهِ الخِلافَةِ

وعُمْرُهُ إِذْ مات سِتُّونَ سَنَهْ

Sassanid dirham – Khosrow Year of mint: 15 H | place: Drejred

The face: The Sassanid King image 

Above the head there is winged crown decorated with jewelries

The name of Khosrow engraved in front of  the image  with the Fahloa font and Behind the image  Duaa’  was engraved   

The back: A stove image guarded by 

ALMozian

The place of the coin mining was engraved on the right side & on the left side the date of mint was engraved

(1) He is Umar ibn alKhattab ibn Nufail Ibn Abdul.Uzza Ibn Riyah Ibn Qart Ibn Razah Ibn Adi Ibn Ka’b Ibn Lu’ayy ibn Fihr ibnMalik (The completed History 2/449) (( The history of Caliphs 146)) (ALSira ALNabaweia 452 )

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(2) The appointment of Umar to office of Khalifah is a well recorded event. When Abu Bakr was dying he only appointed Umar as his successor and he had commanded him to fear & be devoutness from Allah, Umar succeed Abu Bakr the day after his death ((The completed History 2 / 272-277) (( The history of Caliphs 146) (ALSira ALNabaweia & Akhbar Alkholapha 453-456 ) .

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Umar may Allah be pleased with him probably died in Wednesday night in the 27th of Thul-Hijjah In the year 23/644 ((The completed History 2/448) ((The history of Caliphs 151) (((Khalifa Bin Khiat history 152) .

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(3) Imam Suyuti said (briefly) : a multiplied conquests were completed in his days:

In the year 14 A. H. Damascus was taken, partly by convention, partly by force: Emessa and Baa'lbek* by convention, and Basrah and UbuUah, both by force.

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In the year 15 A. H. the whole of the country of the Jordan was sub- dued by force of arms, save Tiberias which was taken by convention; and in the same, occurred the battles of Yermuk J and Kadisiyyah.

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In the year 16 A. H. al Ahwaz was taken and al Maddin. In the same year was the battle of Jalula^ in which Tezdajird grandson of Khusrau was defeated and fled to Rai . In the same year Takrit was captured, and the  Fall of Jerusalem and preached at al Jabiyah* his famous discourse., and in the same Kinnasrin was taken by force of arms, and Aleppo and Antioch, and Manbij by treaty and Sanij by force, and Kirkisiyah by treaty. In the month of Rabii' u'l Awwal, the Era of the Flight was adopted by the advice of A'li

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In the year 17 A. H. Omar ejo-Jairged the mosque of the prophet, and. 17 A. H. a famine occurred in Hijaz and it was called the year of destruction

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In the year 18 A. H., Jundaysabdr was occupied by convention and Hulwan by force. A pestilence also occurred at Emaus ; Edessa and Sumaysat were taken by force, and Harran and Nagibin and a part of Mesopotamia by force (though some say by convention), and Mosal and its adjacent districts

In the year 19 A, H., CsesareaJ was overpowered.

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In the year 20 A. H. Egypt was conquered by force of arms, though it is also said, that with the exception of Alexandria which was taken, the whole of Egypt surrendered under convention. Ali-b-Rabih says that the whole of Mauritania was won by force of army : Tustar|| was also taken possession of. In the same died the Roman Emperor {Seraclius), and Omar expelled the Jews from Khaybar and Najran and apportioned Khaybar and Wadi u'l Elura among those who had been present at the expedition

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In the year 21 A. H. Alexandria was taken by storm, and Nahawand, and after this the Persians were unable to muster an army : also Barkah and other places.

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In the year 22 A. II, jALdarbijdn was subdued by force, others say A. H. 22. Surrendered under convention , and Dinaur, Masabddn, and Hamaddn cap- A. D. 642-3. tured, and Tripoli in Morocco and Rai and A'skar and Kumas.

In the year 23 A. H. took place the conquest of Kirman, Sajistdn, and Makrdn of the mountainous districts, and Ispahan and its dependencies..

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 Towards the close of the year occurred the death of our prince Omar after his return from the pilgrimage. ((The history of Caliphs 146-148 ) (ALSira ALNabaweia & Akhbar Alkholapha 460 ) . (((Khalifa Bin Khiat history 124) .

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(4) Az Zuhri states that Omar used not to suffer a captive who had reached the age of puberty, to enter Medina, but al Mughirah-b-Shuu'bah, being in Kufah, wrote to him and mentioned to him that he had with him, a youth, a cunning workman, and asked his permission that he might enter Medina, and added that he was a master of several trades profitable to the people, for he was a blacksmith, an engraver and a carpenter. Omar therefore gave him permission to send him to Medina, and al Mughirah put a tax§ upon him of one hundred dirhams a month. He, however, went to Omar and complained of the severity of the tax, hut Omar replied that the tax A. D. 643. was not excessive ; he, therefore, departed indignantly murmuring. Omar waited some days and then sent for him and said, " was not I informed that thou sayest, that if thou wouldst thou art able to make a mill that will grind by means of the wind ?" He looked upon Omar sullenly and said, " verily I will make a mill for thee that men shall talk about," : when he retired, Omar said to those that were about him, " the slave but now threatened me." After a little, Abu lululah * took a double-bladed dagger, having its haft in the middle, and hid in a corner of one of the recesses of the mosque before day-break, and remained there until Omar came forth rousing the people to prayers, and when he drew near him, he stabbed him with three blows. (Ibn Saa'd.)

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A'mr-b-Maymun the Auxiliary narrates, that Abu Lululah, the slave of al Mughirah, struck Omar with his double- bladed dagger, and wounded together with him twelve men, of whom six died, and a man of Irak threw a garment over him, and when he was suffocating in it, he slew himself. Abu Rafi' states, that Abu Luluah the slave of al Mughirah, used to make mills, and al Mughirah tasked him daily with an impost of four dirhams, and he met Omar and said, " O Prince of the Faithful, verily al Mughirah hath been hard upon me, therefore speak to him;" and he answered, "act well towards thy master," and it was the intention of Omar to speak to al Mughirah regarding it. But the other grew angry and said, " the justice of Omar is extended unto all the people, save unto me." He therefore purposed his death, and took a dagger and sharpened it and poisoned it, and while Omar was ex- claiming, " get ye into your ranks, before the takbir is said," the slave went and stood over against Omar in the rank and smote him in the shoulder and in the side, and Omar fell, and he wounded thirteen men with him, of whom six died. Omar was carried to his family, and the sun being about to rise, A'bdu'r ahman-b-A'uf read prayers before the people from the two shortest Suras. They brought Omar date-wine, and he drank of it and it came out of his wound, but it could not be distinguished from the  blood; they therefore gave him milk, and it came out of his wound, and they said, " there is no harm to thee" and he answered, " if there be harm in being slain, why then I am slain." The people then began to praise him, saying, " thou wert such and such," but lie said " yet, by Allah, A. H. 23. I would that I might escape from judgment with these as a sufficiency, nothing due by me nor to me, and that the Companionship of the Apostle of God were a security unto me."  Then Ibn A'bbas praised him, but be said—" if the fullness of the earth in gold were mine, assuredly I would ransom myself therewith from the terror of the day of resurrection and verily, I have made the election to the caliphate to be determined in consultation by Othman, A'li, Talhah, az Zubayr, A'bd'ur hman-b-A'uf, and Saa'd." And he commanded Suhayb to pray before the people, and ap- pointed for the six a term of three daysJ wherein to deliberate. (Al Hakim). Ibn A'bbas says that Abu Lululah was a Magian . A'mr-b Maymon narrates that Omar said, “praise be to God, that he hath not caused my death by the hand of a man who professeth Islam." ((The history of Caliphs 149-150) (ALSira ALNabaweia & Akhbar Alkholapha 495 ) .

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It was narrated that Hudhaifah said:

“We were sitting with ‘Umar and he said: ‘Which of you has remembered a Hadith from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) concerning Fitnah?’” Hudhaifah said: “I said: ‘I have.’ He said: ‘You are very bold.’ He said: ‘How?’ He said: ‘I heard him say: “The fitnah of a man with regard to his family, his children and his neigbors are expiated by his prayers, fasts, charity and enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil.” ‘Umar said: ‘This is not what I meant, rather I meant that which moves like the waves of the sea.’” Hudhaifah said: “Don’t worry about it, O Commander of the Believers! For there is a closed door between you and them.” ‘Umar said: “Will that door be broken or opened?” I said: “No, it will be broken.” ‘Umar said: “Then it will never be closed.’” We asked Hudhaifah: “Did ‘Umar know what that door meant?” He said: "Yes, just as he knows that there will be night before morning, because I narrated to him a Hadith in which there are no errors.” We were afraid to ask him who the door was, so we said to Masruq: “Ask him." He said: “‘Umar.” (9) Chapter: Tribulations that will appear -  Sunan Ibn Majah.

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(5)  His Khalifah was for a total of 10 years, six months and four days. ((The completed History 2/448) and said five days or nine (((Khalifa Bin Khiat history 153) . and said (ALSira ALNabaweia & Akhbar Alkholapha 498 ) .

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(6)  Ibn Al athir said: he was born 4 years before al Fujar , he was aged 55 years old and said 60 years old ,others said 63 years which is true . ((The completed History 2/449) ((The history of Caliphs 151) (((Khalifa Bin Khiat history 152) .