Sassanid dirham – Khosrow  Year of mint: 21 H | place:   Nahawand

(1) He is Abu Bakr Abdullah Abu'Bakr'as Siddik, the vicegerent of the apostle of God whose name s A'bdu'llah-b-Abi Kuhafah Othman, b-A'amir, b-A'mr, b-Kaa'b, b-Saa'd, b-Taym, b-Murrah, b-Kaa'b, b-Luwayy, b-Ghalib, al Kurayshi, at Taymi, unites with the genealogy of the Apostle of God in Murrah." An Nawawi in his Tahdib says " What I have stated regarding the name of Abu Bakr being A'bdu'llah, is correct, and well known. It is said also, that his name was Atik {the Liberated), but the truth upon which all the learned are agreed is, that al A'tik was his surname, not a name, and he was surnamed al A'tik on account of his exemption from hell fire. ((The Completed history 2/268) (( Tareekh Khalifa bin Khayat 100 ). ((AlSira AlNabaweiah w Akhbar Kholafaa 419 )

Suyuti said: and it is also said, that he was surnamed as (ATIQ) on account of the " itakat" of his countenance, that is to say, its comeliness and its beauty. It is said likewise that there is nothing in his genealogy which can be found fault with.

Musa'b-b-uz Zubayr and others say, that the people concurred in naming him as Siddik (Witness to the Truth), because he hastened to testify to the Apostle of God, and steadfastly

adhered to truth, and there never escaped from him on any one of the many events of his life any remissness or hesitation, and he held exalted positions in Islam. Among those events, were his conduct regarding the Nocturnal journey, and his steadfastness and reply to the unbelievers regarding it, and his flight with the Apostle of God, and his forsaking his family and children, and his being with the Apostle in the cave, and throughout the

whole journey : then his exhortations on the day of Badr, and the day of HudaybiyahJ when the delay in entering Mecca, was the occasion of grave doubts to others : then his weeping when Apostle of God said " Verily, God hath given his servant a choice between this world and the next :" then his firmness on the day of the death of the Apostle of God, and his

reading the Khutbah to the people and consoling them : then, in the contention regarding the oath of allegiance, his undertaking the charge for the good of the true believers : next, his diligence in despatching the army of Usamah-b-Zayd to Syria, and his determination regarding it : then his rising up to oppose the apostates, and his dispute with the Companions, until he overwhelmed them with arguments-and God opened their hearts

as He had opened his heart to the understanding of the truth, viz., to do, battle with the apostates : then his fitting out the army for Syria for his conquests and sending it succour : lastly the conclusion of this career by an important action which was among the best of his good deeds, and the most glorious of his titles to honor, and that was, his appointing Omar

as his successor over the true believers : and what virtues, and dignities, and excellencies without number belong not to the Witness to the Truth ?"

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(An Nawawi) stated : I add that I am desirous of enlarging upon the biography of as Siddik to some extent, mentioning therein much of what I know of him regarding his life, and I shall arrange this in sections (Tareekh al khulafa - History of the Caliphs- 35-36 ) , a virtues  to be added to him which is the collection of the Quran.

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(2) Prophet Muhammad  peace be upon him died while Quran was not collected in one book (Mis-hafA copy of the Qur'an) but was scattered  in plates, sheets and the like means of writing . Where there was no need to collect the Holy Quran in one Mis-hafA  in the life of Prophet Muhammad  .  But after Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with him took over as Caliphate there was many reasons that prompted the companions (Sahabaht ) may Allah be pleased with them to collect Quran ,such as the death of Prophet Muhammad  ,  the  Great and huge  loss resulting in the interruption of revelation from Allah . Then ALYAMAMA combat where a lot of prophet Companions were martyred, among them many readers, which compelled Umar to request from Abu Bakr the calipha  to authorize the compilation and preservation of the scriptures of Quran in written format and expedite the collection and recordation of the Holy Qur'an to conserve it and keeping it from being lost or corrupted with losing the companions who memorized it . And this is what Abu Baker   may Allah be pleased with him did , after being  initially hesitating to do something was not  done by Prophet Muhammad  . With no doubt that ALYAMAMA combat was one of the most important incidents that carried prophet companions to start with the codification of the Holy Quran in Mis-hafA (coherent whole text.)  .

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 General transmission and narrations had shown that the first is to collect the Quran was Abu Bakr . , Abu Bakr made a committee headed by Zayd ibn Thabit which included Umar  and the memorizers of the Qur'an  to collect all verses of the book. Narrated by AlBukhari in his book » Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, « heard Zaid may Allah be pleased with him saying : Narrated By Zaid bin Thabit : Abu Bakr As-Siddiq sent for me when the people! of Yamama had been killed (i.e., a number of the Prophet's Companions who fought against Musailama). (I went to him) and found 'Umar bin Al-Khattab sitting with him. Abu Bakr then said (to me), "Umar has come to me and said: "Casualties were heavy among the Qurra' of the! Qur'an (i.e. those who knew the Quran by heart) on the day of the Battle of Yamama, and I am afraid that more heavy casualties may take place among the Qurra' on other battlefields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost. Therefore I suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur'an be collected." I said to 'Umar, "How can you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" 'Umar said, "By Allah, that is a good project. "Umar kept on urging me to accept his proposal till Allah opened my chest for it and I began to realize the good in the idea which 'Umar had realized." Then Abu Bakr said (to me). 'You are a wise young man and we do not have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle. So you should search for (the fragmentary scripts of) the Qur'an and collect it in one book)." By Allah If they had ordered me to shift one of the mountains, it would not have been heavier for me than this ordering me to collect the Qur'an. Then I said to Abu Bakr, "How will you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, it is a good project." Abu Bakr kept on urging me to accept his idea until Allah opened my chest for what He had opened the chests of Abu Bakr and 'Umar. So I started looking for the Qur'an and collecting it from (what was written on) palmed stalks, thin white stones and also from the men who knew it by heart, till I found the last Verse of Surat At-Tauba (Repentance) with Abi Khuzaima Al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him. The Verse is:

'Verily there has come unto you an Apostle (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty... (till the end of Surat-Baraa' (At-Tauba) (9.128-129) Then the complete manuscripts (copy) of the Qur'an remained with Abu Bakr till he died, then with 'Umar till the end of his life, and then with Hafsa, the daughter of 'Umar.

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Most scholars agreed that Abu Baker gave the Quran collection a private priority. Although Quran was revealed in disjointed verses and chapters  & there has been copies  of the whole Quran or some Surat written by Prophet Companions, before the collection of Abu Bakr , however, these efforts were individual acts  that does not match the Search accuracy  and  the accurate investigation as founded in  Abu Baker Mis-hafA , as After collecting all Qur'anic verses from texts in the possession of various sahaba, Zayd ibn Thabit and members of his committee verified the reading by comparing with those who had memorized the Qur'an.

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After they were satisfied that they had not missed out any verse or made any mistakes in reading or writing it down, the text was written down as one single manuscript and presented in codex form to the Caliph Abu Bakr. It is believed that this process happened within one year of the death of Muhammad (SAAW)when most of his sahaba (Companions) were still alive.

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You, my dear brother may to ask: Why Abu Bakr  chosed  Zaid ibn Thabit to collect the Quran among Companions? The answer will be as the following:

• He was a young man, and these qualities qualified him to do such hard work and being a young man,  means he does not have highly opinionated esteem  which means when there happen a disagreement its easier for him to accept advice and guidance.

• That Zaid was well known for the abundance of his mind,  which was a quality needed  to complete the task of collecting the Holy Quran.

• That Zaid was writing during the revelation in the time of Prophet Muhammad  peace be upon him , he has seen conditions of Quran that has not seen  by others .

• He was not accused in his religion; strongly known for being Pious, honest and famous with integrity.

• He had memorized the Holy Qur'an in the time of Prophet Muhammad  peace be upon him according , that was said that he witnessed the last revelation of Quran Stated Abu Abdul Rahman ALSalma : Zaid ibn Thabit recited twice the Qur'an for Prophet Muhammad  in the year he passed away, and the recitation was called  after him, because he wrote it after Prophet Muhammad  and read it to him and witnessed  the last revelation of Quran. And kept reading it to people until he died, and for the above reasons Abu Baker and Omar depended on him to collect Quran where Othman appointed him to write the Holy Quran - Mis-hafA .

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Zaid has embarked on the collection of the Qur'an Of patches, bones, Leather pieces and companion memories, supervised and helped by Abu Baker, Omar and other prophet companions.

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Zaid also said:  So I started looking for the Holy quran and collected it from (what was written on) palm-leaf stalks, thin white stones, and also from men who knew it by heart, until I found the last verse of Surat at-Tauba (repentance) with Abi Khuzaima al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him

As Narrated: Urwa bin Az-Zubair , when a lot of sahaba were killed , Abu Baker was afraid that Quran will be lost , so he ordered Umar & Zaid ibn Thabit to set in the door of the mosque waiting for any of the companions who memorized Quran to write it after them in order to collect it in one book ,  in a state of a  condition that the companion  must bring two men who witnessed their hearing to Quran from Prophet Muhammad  . Ibn Hajar said: His men are trustworthy.

With this participation of Prophet Muhammad  companions, the Quran collection took the unanimity status, as the process was agreed by most of them plus attaining their acceptance that led to the fullest collection.

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We conclude this article, including a narration from Ali may Allah be pleased with him that

He said: Allah mercy on Abu Bakr as considered from the greatest in gaining great reward from Allah in collecting Quran. Abu Baker was the first to combine between the two boards.

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Ibn Hajar said: If the equitable took a closer look to what Abu Bakr did , he will be Averred that  it is  from his  virtues ,as Prophet Muhammad  peace be upon him said : ( who acted and  performed a  law in Islam with a good feature and deed  ,he will gain  the reward  from Allah, recorded for him and for everyone who follows him in his act , and accounted for on the Day of Judgment ) Musslim Narrated. Then said: then who collected beyond will have the same rewards till the Day of Judgment) .

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Thus, Allah has created men to save his words (The Holly Quran) and maintaining it. Bear witness to the truth as Allaah spoke: (Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption) ) Surah Al-Hijr (The Rocky Tract) 9. Abu Bakr was on top of those men who are chosen by Allah to carry out this mission. May Allah reward him for Islam and Muslims the best may Allah listens to our pray.

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Muslims & Sahabat gave Abu Baker the Oath of allegiance (Bay'ah) to be the Muslims Calipha in Tuesday the 13th Raby' al- Awal   in the year of  11 AH ( The Completed History 2/195) ( The history of Caliphs  77-80) ((The Prophet's biography and news caliphs 424).(ALSira ALNabaweia )

Abu Baker may Allah be pleased with him died in Tuesday night in the 22nd of Jumada Al-Akhir in the year 13th AH  in the age of  63 years old (( The Completed History 2/267) ( The history of Caliphs  93) ((Khalifa Bin Khiat  history 121) as there is no disagreement  about his age when died  .

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An Nawawi says in his Tahdib—" As Siddik has narrated one hundred and forty-two traditions from the Apostle of God. The reason of the small number of his narrations is that his death preceded the spreading abroad of the traditions and the solicitude of the Tabi'is in listening to them, and collecting and preserving them.". AH (Ut Tahzeeb 13/43 - 44).

I said : Abu Baker may Allah be pleased with him never enunciated except  with rightness being arbitrator that direct the Ummah (people ) to the right, especially when disagreement between parties happened  as when prophet companions argued regarding the successor must be  from Quraish , where Prophet Muhammad  peace be upon him must be  buried, prophet inheritance ,the Apostasy ,  The completion of Osama Army , The collection of Quran,  The concept of the Promotion of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice and many more .

(3) After Prophet Muhammad  death, the rebels' position was that they had submitted to Muhammad as the prophet of God, but owed nothing to Abu Bakr. and refused to pay zakat (the obligatory charity) and apostasy spread across Arabia, when the Prophet Muhammad   companions adviced  Abu Baker May Allah be pleased with him:  to accept this from them .He said may Allah be pleased with him: If they prevented me the rope that they use in tighting the goat with, if they used to give to Prophet Muhammad    before his death, I will fight them. ((Khalifa Bin Khiat history 101) ).(ALSira ALNabaweia 429 )

(4) Abu Bakr's reign lasted for 2 years, 2 months and 10 days ending with his death after an illness.. (The Completed History 2/267) , (The history of Khalifa bin Khayat 122).

Ibn Hibbaan said: He died in age of 62 years old in Monday night the 23rd of August, 634 AD the  17th  of Jumada Al-Akhir  . His succession to Prophet Muhammad    was two years , three months and twenty-two days. ().(ALSira ALNabaweia 456 )